Second law of this circuit can be derived from Maxwell's equations, but Kirchhoff there before Maxwell and using the work of Georg Ohm to make laws.
This law is also called Kirchhoff's Law I, Law Kirchhoff point, branching Kirchhoff's Law, or KCL (Kirchhoff's Current Law).
The principle of conservation of electric charge that:
At each branching point in the electrical circuit, the sum of the currents into a point is equal to the amount of current coming out of the point.
or
Total flow at a point is zero.
Given that the current scale is marked (positive or negative) that indicate the direction of flow into or out of a point, then this principle can be formulated:
n is the number of branches with currents into or out of the point.
This equation can also be used for complex flows:
This law is based on the conservation of charge, with the charge (in coulombs) is the product of current (amperes) and time (seconds).
Solid load change
Kirchhoff's first law can only be used if a solid constant charge. Think of inflow into a plate of the capacitor. If there is a closed surface around one (only one of two) of these plates, inflows through the surface but not out, this case violates the first law Kirchhoff. However, the current through a surface which encompasses the entire capacitor (two plates) will meet the first Kirchhoff's law because the current into one of the plates are equal to the current out of the sole plate, and usually in circuit analysis that was all taken into account, but problems would arise if seen only one plate. Examples of other cases where the law is not working is the current in the antenna. Because of the antenna, the current into the antenna of the transmitter, but no flow out the other end.
Maxwell introduced the concept to explain the movement of such cases. Flows into the capacitor plates charge equal to the accumulation rate is also equal to the rate of change of electric flux due to the charge (electric flux is also used as an electric charge coulomb unit in SI units). This flux changes speed, which is called the Maxwell displacement current and united with the formula
If the outflow is used, then the first Kirchhoff's law can apply again. Outflow stream is not true because it is not in the form of a moving charge, the outflow is a correction factor to make the first Kirchhoff's law applies. In the case of the capacitor plates, the actual flow into the plate is removed by an amount equal to the outflow of the left plate and other plates leading.
It can also be written using a scale vector fields using the divergence of Ampère law and corrections Maxwell, and combining with Gauss's law, yielding:
This equation is the equation of conservation of charge (in integral form, this equation states that the amount of current that comes out of a closed surface is equal to the speed reduction charge in the space covered by the surface (the divergence theorem).
Use
Kirchhoff's laws can be used with a matrix, and is the basis of almost all circuit simulation program such as SPICE.
Kirchhoff's voltage law
The sum of all the voltages around the loop (round) is equal to zero. v1 + v2 + v3 - v4 = 0
This law is also called Kirchhoff's second law, the Law of the loop (round) Kirchhoff, and KVL (Kirchhoff's Voltage Law).
The principle of conservation of energy says that
The number of directional (see positive signs and negative orientation) of the [[pd] electricity (voltage) around a closed circuit is equal to zero.
or
more simply, the amount of emf in a closed loop is equivalent to the amount of the potential fall in the circle.
or
The number of times the resistance of the conductor and the results of the current in a conductor in a closed loop equals the total emf in the loop (loop) it.
Similar to the first Kirchhoff's law, can be written as:
Here, n is the number of the measured voltage. Electrical voltage or it can be complex:
This law is based on conservation of "energy absorbed or released potential field" (not including the energy loss due to dissipation). Given an electrical voltage, the charge does not get or lose energy after spinning in a loop circuit having a potential return to the beginning.
This law remains in force despite resistance (resulting in energy dissipation) in the circuit. The validity of this law in the case was to be understood by realizing that the charge did not return to their homes because of energy dissipation. On the negative terminal, the charge is gone. This means that the energy given by the potential difference has been completely consumed by the resistance earlier that converts energy into heat dissipation.
Electric field and electric potential
Kirchhoff's second law can be regarded as a consequence of the principle of conservation of energy.
Given that the electric potential is defined as the line integral of the electric field, Kirchhoff's second law can be written as
which states that the electric field line integral around a closed loop (loop) C is zero.
To return to a specific form, this integral can be broken down to get the voltage on certain components.
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